What type of fumigation is specifically designed for stored grain?

Phosphine fumigation is specifically designed for stored grain because it effectively targets pests that infest grains, such as insects and mites, while minimizing damage to the stored product. Phosphine is known for its ability to penetrate grain commodities and its effectiveness against a wide range of storage pests. The gas is released from phosphine-generating tablets or pellets, allowing for a controlled fumigation process that provides thorough treatment within the confines of the grain storage. This method is also favored due to its relatively low cost and safety profile when proper application procedures are followed.

Chlorine fumigation is typically used for disinfection purposes rather than pest control in stored grain. Methyl bromide, while once widely used for various applications, including grain fumigation, has faced restrictions due to environmental concerns, making phosphine a more prevalent choice in current practices. Carbon dioxide fumigation is generally used as a low-toxicity method for pest control, but it may not achieve the same level of efficacy against storage pests as phosphine does. Thus, phosphine fumigation stands out as the most suitable and effective option for protecting stored grain.